[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.torfin.cz\/al-sabab\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.torfin.cz\/al-sabab\/","headline":"Al – \u0160ab\u00e1b","name":"Al – \u0160ab\u00e1b","description":"Al -\u0160ab\u00e1b, militantn\u00ed skupina operuj\u00edc\u00ed na \u00fazem\u00ed Som\u00e1lska ji\u017e od roku 2006, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e bylo hnut\u00ed nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v roce 2011. V tomto roce se Al –\u00a0\u0160ab\u00e1b\u00a0poda\u0159ilo","datePublished":"2021-09-04","dateModified":"2023-06-01","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.torfin.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.torfin.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/87007d43bbcef3c87926bba9082d96a1a8da6f7ae55b1546f5f58a5e10d8ed12?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/87007d43bbcef3c87926bba9082d96a1a8da6f7ae55b1546f5f58a5e10d8ed12?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"torfin.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.torfin.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/somali%20flag.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.torfin.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/somali%20flag.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.torfin.cz\/al-sabab\/","about":["Politika"],"wordCount":607,"articleBody":"Al -\u0160ab\u00e1b, militantn\u00ed skupina operuj\u00edc\u00ed na \u00fazem\u00ed Som\u00e1lska ji\u017e od roku 2006, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e bylo hnut\u00ed nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v roce 2011. V tomto roce se Al –\u00a0\u0160ab\u00e1b\u00a0poda\u0159ilo obsadit hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto Mogadi\u0161u a d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstav\u00a0Kismayo. Kv\u016fli ne\u00fasp\u011bchu mise OSN v devades\u00e1t\u00fdch letech neprob\u00edh\u00e1 v Som\u00e1lsku dlouhodob\u011b \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed vojensk\u00e1 intervence, kter\u00e1 by nezahrnovala geograficky bl\u00edzk\u00e9 akt\u00e9ry.\u00a0\u00a0Al –\u00a0\u0160ab\u00e1b\u00a0operuje na \u00fazem\u00ed Som\u00e1lska. Zejm\u00e9na jeho ji\u017en\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st, s v\u00fdjimkou hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta Mogadi\u0161u, postr\u00e1d\u00e1 centr\u00e1ln\u00ed instituce a centr\u00e1ln\u00ed vl\u00e1du, kter\u00e1 by \u00fazem\u00ed pln\u011b kontrolovala. Tato skute\u010dnost d\u00e1v\u00e1 velk\u00fd prostor dal\u0161\u00edm akt\u00e9r\u016fm se na tomto \u00fazem\u00ed realizovat a pou\u017e\u00edvat ho pro sv\u00e9 aktivity, kter\u00e9 nemohou b\u00fdt nik\u00fdm kontrolov\u00e1ny.\u00a0Al –\u00a0\u0160ab\u00e1b\u00a0je\u00a0hnut\u00ed,\u00a0kter\u00e9\u00a0se sna\u017e\u00ed zm\u011bnit mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed syst\u00e9m a m\u00edsto n\u011bj vytvo\u0159it syst\u00e9m alternativn\u00ed. Kv\u016fli t\u011bmto aktivit\u00e1m se Al –\u00a0\u0160ab\u00e1b\u00a0dostal do centra z\u00e1jm\u016f akt\u00e9r\u016f i mimo region. Tito akt\u00e9\u0159i do Som\u00e1lska vys\u00edlaj\u00ed sv\u00e9 pozemn\u00ed s\u00edly, kter\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k napl\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00fdch bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch anebo ekonomick\u00fdch z\u00e1jm\u016f, kter\u00e9 v oblasti maj\u00ed. K napl\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00fdch z\u00e1jm\u016f vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed odli\u0161n\u00e9 prost\u0159edky a n\u00e1stroje ne\u017e jen \u010dist\u011b vojensk\u00e9 operace, k jejich prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed. Tyto z\u00e1jmy prosazuj\u00ed skrze v\u00fdcvik voj\u00e1k\u016f, leteck\u00e9 \u00fatoky, nebo r\u016fzn\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje, av\u0161ak tyto aktivity netrvaj\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u011b dlouho a nejsou v dostate\u010dn\u00e9 intenzit\u011b, aby hnut\u00ed zcela odstranily.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Jednou ze zem\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se rozhodla do Som\u00e1lska vyslat sv\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 jednotky byla Ke\u0148a. Keni za podporu som\u00e1lsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy, byl Al –\u00a0\u0160ab\u00e1bem\u00a0vyhl\u00e1\u0161en d\u017eih\u00e1d. P\u0159esto Ke\u0148a v roce 2011 v Som\u00e1lsku intervenovala se sv\u00fdmi vojensk\u00fdmi jednotkami, kter\u00e9 byly sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed operace AMISOM. Ke\u0148sk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da se rozhodla pro intervenci v Som\u00e1lsku po s\u00e9rii n\u011bkolika teroristick\u00fdch \u00fatok\u016f a \u00fanos\u016f civilist\u016f na \u00fazem\u00ed Keni. Ke\u0148sk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da zapo\u010dala operaci Linda\u00a0Nchi, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla b\u00fdt rychl\u00e1 a osvobodit \u00fazem\u00ed bl\u00edzk\u00e9 k hranici s Ke\u0148ou, kter\u00e9 bylo pod kontrolou Al –\u00a0\u0160ab\u00e1b a tak\u00e9 sn\u00ed\u017eit po\u010dty uprchl\u00edk\u016f, kter\u00e9 do Keni ze Som\u00e1lska proudily.\u00a0Ke\u0148a ov\u0161em nen\u00ed jedin\u00e1, kter\u00e1 Som\u00e1lsku vojensky vypomohla. Od roku 2006 se zde vyst\u0159\u00eddaly vojensk\u00e9 jednotky Etiopie, Ugandy a Burundi. Vojensk\u00e9 jednotky Etiopie vstupuj\u00ed na \u00fazem\u00ed Som\u00e1lska pr\u00e1v\u011b v roce 2006, a to za \u00fa\u010delem znovudobyt\u00ed hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta, s vojenskou podporou od USA. Tyto kroky se, ale shledaly s negativn\u00edmi reakcemi a sp\u00ed\u0161e pos\u00edlily pozici Al-\u0160ab\u00e1b\u00a0v regionu. Vojensk\u00e9 jednotky Ugandy a Burundi se k Etiopii p\u0159idaly v roce 2007. Tyto vojensk\u00e9 jednotky se dostaly do hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta Som\u00e1lska Mogadi\u0161u, jako sou\u010d\u00e1st operace AMNISOM, aby podpo\u0159ily p\u0159echodnou feder\u00e1ln\u00ed vl\u00e1du. I kdy\u017e Al –\u00a0\u0160ab\u00e1b\u00a0nebylo schopn\u00e9 porazit tyto vojensk\u00e9 jednotky v p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 konfrontaci, jeho nep\u0159e\u017eit\u00e9 \u00fatoky kapacity etiopsk\u00fdch vojsk nakonec vy\u010derpaly a Al –\u00a0\u0160ab\u00e1bu\u00a0se nad\u00e1le da\u0159ilo roz\u0161i\u0159ovat sv\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed. Kdy\u017e se v roce 2009 etiopsk\u00e9 jednotky stahuj\u00ed, zanech\u00e1vaj\u00ed za sebou pouze po\u010detn\u011b malou misi AMISOM (vojensk\u00e9 jednotky Ugandy a Burundi), kter\u00e1 byla schopna chr\u00e1nit pouze velmi omezenou oblast a Al –\u00a0\u0160ab\u00e1b\u00a0za\u010dal dominovat v ji\u017en\u00edm Som\u00e1lsku.\u00a0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4\/5 - (6 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Al – \u0160ab\u00e1b","item":"https:\/\/www.torfin.cz\/al-sabab\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]